超声焊接
焊接热塑性制件的最普通的方法是超声焊接.这种方法是采用低振幅,高频率(超声)振动能量使表面和分子摩擦产生焊接相连垫塑性制件所需的热量.(正弦超声振动)
超声焊接在20-50kHz的频率范围内发生,其一般振幅范围为15-60um.在低达15kHz(较高振幅)的声频有时用于较大制件或较软材料.焊接过程通常在0.5-1.5s内发生.焊接工艺娈量包括焊接时间,焊头位置和焊接压力.超声焊接设备通常用来焊接中,小尺寸的热塑性塑料制件,而很大的制件可用多点焊接.
超声焊接方法可根据焊接时间或焊缝位置(塌陷距离)或焊接能量控制.也对焊接压力和冷却时间提供附加控制.
超声焊接设备一般不是在20kHz就是在40kHz频率下运行.20kHz装置更常用.
接头设计:第一类即最常用的接头类型,在被连接表面的垂直方向上利用超声振动.对接和Z形接合归入这一类,适用于多数聚合物.第二类超声焊接接头包括与接头表面平行的振动,形成剪切状态.各种类型的剪切和嵌接归入第二类.
能量控制嚣接点与无定形材料一起使用最佳,图1所示较大的能量控制嚣结可在一些不密闭的半结晶材料中应用.
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291404928797.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291404928797.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291413969358.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291413969358.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
图1 无定形和半结晶聚合物所用的能量导向嚣的近似尺寸
此图所示的焊接接头是对普通能量控制接头设计的独特的改进.下面式件用一个粗糙或有纹理的表面改进.将会提高焊接质量,焊接强度和焊接完成的容易程度.其它许多有纹理的接头外形也是可行.<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291435758345.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291435758345.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
溢料问题可通过把溢料污染槽引入接关设计中而降低,为安全,一般溢料槽设计至少10%的过度体积容量.
紧压接头:为了使溢料形成的可能性最小,紧压接头设计的目的是阻挡熔体或将熔体保持在熔区内.紧压接头对半结晶的塑料材料如尼龙是有用的.因为接关结构更复杂,紧压接关所需的制件配合公差相对严格.与三角能量导向嚣焊接相比,较大的接头结构也需要附加振幅和焊接能量.典型的紧压焊接几何结构如图2所示.
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2003829145434028.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2003829145434028.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> 图2 典型的超声紧压焊接结构
制件找平 简单对接没有任何措施解决制件相互找平或对中.制件找平更适于用模塑定位销或双头螺完成.而z形接能自动找平,且在使用时耐拉伸且改进了搞剪切负荷性.并能消除外部溢料.
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291463237219.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291463237219.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
*槽舌接合不但提供了剪切强度而且提供了拉伸强度.这种接合是自对中的,接合区域的壁厚必须相对大以适应槽舌接合设计.另外,制件公差要求相对严.间隔加强筋改善了接头找平.
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291473182670.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291473182670.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
*剪切接头 当焊接半结晶聚合物(或其它难以焊接的聚合物)和需要密封接头号时,一般推荐使 用剪切接。需要高强度,高质量接碚的环形和矩形制件都用剪切接头。剪切接头号具有搭接制件壁部分,当接头被焊接和相互依次嵌入时,搭接部分产生公差和局部剪切。为了促进制件找平,接头包含了调节部分。为了集中熔融能量,一边上的阻碍物的顶角在初始接触面上降低。因为融化材料的温度在整个接触面上保持一致,制件被焊接时,两表面熔融均匀。深度为1.0-2.0mm的使用0.13-0.5mm范围内的公差值。为了防止在焊接过程中由于公差而产生的外部侧壁翘曲,垂直的制件应尽可能浅,但在一边用剪切制件改进的槽舌接头可与较深的拉伸制件一起使用,提供中壁接头,它使由于公差而产生的侧壁翘曲最小。如图5所示。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20038291494657161.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20038291494657161.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
(a)焊接前的部件;
(b)焊接后的部件
1-槽舌剪切接头:有助于阻止部件向内弯曲;
2-支撑夹具:目的是在焊接过程中阻止下面部件壁向外弯曲;
3-上面的部件;
4-下面的部件
图5典型的超声焊接剪切接头设计和典型的中壁组装剪切接头设计
[此贴子已经被作者于2003-8-29 14:13:06编辑过]
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